Intracellular Drug Delivery

The effectiveness of several treatment procedures can be significantly increased by intracellular administration of various medications, including DNA and drug carriers. However, medicines, drug carriers, and DNA are lysosomally delivered and significantly degraded as a result of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Since targets for many therapeutic treatments against a variety of ailments are concentrated in the subcellular compartments, it is crucial to comprehend how drug carriers interact with cells and how these interactions affect cellular absorption. Aside from that, the efficiency, kinetics, and ultimate location of the drug itself are frequently determined by the route of drug carrier entrance (direct or via endocytosis). Although traditional endocytic routes including phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated, and caveola-dependent pathways are well understood, controlling them for use in the transport of pharmaceutical drugs remains a difficult problem. Additionally, a deeper understanding of non-classical endocytic pathways could aid in optimising intracellular drug delivery methods for specific drugs. Therefore, the focus of this study is on intracellular delivery methods, such as direct internalisation and endocytosis, as well as variables that might affect the uptake process, such as the targeting moiety, the target receptor, and the size, shape, and surface features of the drug carrier.