Title : Personalized and Precision Medicine (PPM) as a unique healthcare model based on design-inspired biotech- & biopharma-driven applications to secure the human healthcare and biosafety
Abstract:
Despite breakthroughs in research that have led to an increased understanding of PPM-based human disease, the translation of discoveries into therapies for patients has not kept pace with medical need. Modern drugs are crucial in the field of PPM-guided drug therapy and are currently the mainstay, which possess higher target specificity and biological activity than small-molecule chemical drugs, making them efficient in regulating disease-related biological processes, and have significant potential in the development of personalized drugs. Currently, drugs are designed and developed for specific targets, which are based on individualized protein data. The latter will enable the development of personalized protein drugs that are better equipped to meet patients' specific needs and disease characteristics. With further development in the field of OMICS technologies, individualized drug therapy (personalized protein drugs aimed at druggable targets) will improve the understanding of disease mechanisms, discovery of new drug targets and signaling pathways. And provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs, aid doctors in conducting health risk assessments and making more cost-effective targeted prevention strategies conducted by IT support, promote technological innovation, and provide more convenient treatment tailored to individualized patient profile, which will benefit the affected individuals and society at large. The drug development process traditionally includes rigorous pre-clinical testing in laboratories and animal models to assess the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of potential drug candidates before progressing to human clinical trials. Developing AI, machine ML algorithms, and PPM-guided approaches will facilitate identifying potential drug targets, predicting therapeutic outcomes, and optimizing the selection of lead compounds. Moreover, IT-powered drug discovery techniques, such as molecular modeling, virtual screening, and AI-assisted clinical trials, significantly reduce the time and cost associated with developing new therapies. Emerging therapeutic modalities, including CAR T-cells, gene therapy, induced protein degradation or mRNA-based therapeutic principles, and patient-derived organoids for ex vivo drug response testing to guide PPM-guided treatments add further levels of complexity to biomarker-guided translational precision.
Additionally, personalized drug screening (PDS) of FDA-approved drug libraries enables rapid development of specific small-molecule therapies for individual patients. With a multi-disciplinary team including clinicians, researchers, ethicists, informaticians and regulatory professionals, patient treatment can be optimized with greater efficacy and fewer adverse effects by using PDS as an approach to find remedies.
Translational researchers, bio-designers and manufacturers are beginning to realize the promise of PPM, translating to direct benefit to clinical practice. For instance, companion diagnostics tools, theranosticums, molecular imaging and targeted therapies represent important stakes for the Biopharma in terms of market access, of return on investment and of image among the prescribers. The collaborative effort utilises cutting-edge computational methods, including molecular docking, in conjunction with genetic insights to optimise and anticipate drug-receptor interactions. Revolutionary achievements could be further amplified by integrating large-scale OMICS data, AI, and structural biology discoveries. This revolutionary landscape will be further enhanced by future developments in quantum computing, CRISPR-based gene editing, and biomarker discovery. These advances will enable the realisation of a healthcare paradigm in which interventions are not only precise but also proactive, thereby realising the full potential of customised therapeutic strategies for improved patient outcomes.
Meanwhile, recent breakthroughs in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of cancer and genetic disorders focusing on gene therapies to restore normal cellular functions. In this sense, pharmaceutical companies are investing in gene therapies that can provide long-lasting or permanent solutions to previously untreatable conditions.
Meanwhile, it is urgently needed to discover and establish new methods or strategies to discover, to develop and to create new drugs. And with the support of nanotechnology, the solubility, absorption and targeting of traditional drugs were greatly improved by modifying and fabricating with various types of nanoparticles to some extent, though many shortages remain. For instance, candidate proteins associated with disease development and progression might provide novel targets for new targeted therapeutic agents and biomaterials, or aid the development of assays for disease biomarkers and identification of potential biomarker-target-ligand (drug) tandems to be used for the targeting. Latest technological developments facilitate proteins to be more thoroughly screened and examined in the context of drug discovery and development.
Personalized gene, immune and targeted therapies hold immense promise for chronic diseases, including certain cancers, inherited disorders, and rare diseases. The integrative advent of PPM and design-driven biotech represents a paradigm shift in the pharmaceutical industry. So developing the next-generation medicines and diagnostic tools requires changes to traditional clinical trial designs that result in new types of data. Making the best use of those innovations and being ready to demonstrate results for regulatory bodies requires specialized knowledge that many clinical development teams do not have.
As PPM continues to evolve, it is expected to reshape drug discovery, clinical practice, and healthcare delivery.
