The term “vaccine” was coined by Louis Pasteur and derived from “Vacca”, meaning cow the term devised by Edward Jenner to denote cowpox. A vaccine is defined as a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease and typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from the exhaust or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
Vaccines have two major effects:
a) Vaccines protect individuals against disease.
b) If there are sufficient immune individuals in populations, the transmission of the infection is prevented. This is known as herd immunity.
Vaccine Design mainly includes the Production of vaccines and has several stages.
Firstly, the antigen itself is generated and Viruses are grown either on primary cells such as chicken eggs (e.g., for influenza), or on continuous cell lines such as cultured human cells (e.g., for hepatitis A). Bacteria are grown in bioreactors (e.g., haemophilic influenza type B).
Alternatively, a recombinant protein will be derived from the viruses or bacteria can be generated in yeast, bacteria, or cell cultures.
Strategies in vaccine design include:
Vaccine drug delivery system is the preparations given to patients to evoke immune responses that leading to the production of antibodies or cell-mediated responses that will help in combating infectious agents or non-infectious conditions such as malignancies.
The three categories of Vaccine delivery system include:
Title : Drug Delivery to the Brain using Engineered Protein Capsules (EnPCs®)
Victoria Demina, NEUWAY Pharma GmbH, Germany
Title : NEWER ADVANCES OF ANTI –HIV THERAPY
Bhuvanesh baniya, Jai Narain Vyas University Jodhpur, India
Title : Insulin Resistance Associated Alzheimer Disease Condition in Rats is ameliorated via Epigenetic Regulation and Autophagy Modulation
Violina Kakoty, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, India
Title : SELF MICROEMULSIFYING SYSTEMS BASED TOPICAL LIPSTICK OF ANTIFUNGAL AGENT
Bhupendra Gopalbhai Prajapati, Ganpat University, Shree S.K.Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, India
Title : Sol-gel, phase inversion precipitation and microfluidic systems for controlled delivery of pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds in nutraceuticals and nano nutraceuticals
Sandile Phinda Songca, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Title : The e?ects of Anethum graveolens (dill) supplementation on lipid profile and glycemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Iran (Islamic Republic of)