The term “vaccine” was coined by Louis Pasteur and derived from “Vacca”, meaning cow the term devised by Edward Jenner to denote cowpox. A vaccine is defined as a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease and typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from the exhaust or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
Vaccines have two major effects:
a) Vaccines protect individuals against disease.
b) If there are sufficient immune individuals in populations, the transmission of the infection is prevented. This is known as herd immunity.
Vaccine Design mainly includes the Production of vaccines and has several stages.
Firstly, the antigen itself is generated and Viruses are grown either on primary cells such as chicken eggs (e.g., for influenza), or on continuous cell lines such as cultured human cells (e.g., for hepatitis A). Bacteria are grown in bioreactors (e.g., haemophilic influenza type B).
Alternatively, a recombinant protein will be derived from the viruses or bacteria can be generated in yeast, bacteria, or cell cultures.
Strategies in vaccine design include:
Vaccine drug delivery system is the preparations given to patients to evoke immune responses that leading to the production of antibodies or cell-mediated responses that will help in combating infectious agents or non-infectious conditions such as malignancies.
The three categories of Vaccine delivery system include:
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A C Matin, Stanford University, United States
Title : Personalized and precision medicine (PPM) as a unique healthcare model to be set up via biodesign, bio- and chemical engineering, translational applications, and upgraded business modeling to secure the human healthcare and biosafety
Sergey Suchkov, The Russian University of Medicine and Russian Academy of Natural Science-Moscow, Russian Federation
Title : Preparation and characterization of fibers crafted from PCL/PVP-ChAgG, coupled with investigating their suitability as wound dressings.
Luis Jesus Villarreal Gomez, FCITEC - Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico
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Miroslav Radenkovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Priya Hays, Hays Documentation Specialists, LLC, United States
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Andreas M Papas, Antares Health Products, United States
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Jorge David Tovar Castro, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
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