Title : New aerosol treatment for human nasal cavity through numerical simulation
Abstract:
New treatment in aerosol medicine exhalation through the nose (ETN) is one of promising and comprehensive methods for Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (ECRS) with asthma. The patient inhales aerosol of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) medicine from mouth using portable inhaler. Then a part of the aerosol still floats and remains in upper airway. When the patient exhales inhaled air through the nose, the aerosol is effectively transported on the walls of meatuses and olfactory clift. This work performed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Large eddy simulation (LES) analysis for the transport phenomena of aerosol medicine during exhalation period in order to evaluate the curative effect of ETN numerically. Since the efficacy of ETN strongly depends on expiration condition, this study proposes analysis during exhalation for exercise and quiet breathing states.
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is considered a refractory and intractable disease. Patients with ECRS present with asthma, thick mucus production, long-term nasal congestion, loss of sense of smell, and intermittent acute exacerbations secondary to bacterial infections. Despite medical and surgical interventions, there is a high rate of recurrence with significant impairment to quality of life. The recent increasing prevalence of ECRS in east and south Asian countries and the strong tendency of ECRS to reoccur after surgery should be considered. The majority of cases need repeat surgery, and histological examinations of these cases show eosinophilic-dominant inflammation. The degradation and accumulation of eosinophils, release of cytokines, and mucus secretion have important roles in the pathogenesis of ECRS. Almost of all patients with ECRS obtain the efficacy of ETN. On the other hand, there are some patients who could not obtain the efficacy. The detail mechanism of how ETN improves ECRS with asthma is still controversial even though ETN gets a lot of attention as a treatment method for ECRS. In fact, it has been found that the efficacy of ETN strongly depends on expiration condition (expiration velocity, time and pattern) from clinical findings.
In this study we propose to investigate the particle deposition carry on in a real human nasal cavity geometry using a massively parallel simulation software in which both continuum mechanics CFD and Lagrangian particle model are simultaneously solved in a one-way coupling scheme.
Audience take away:
Inform the audience to new treatment to deliver drug into the nasal cavity, more precisely into the sinuses.
Applications of drug delivery reaching the sinuses are very large and must be interested the scientific community.
Interact with researchers to share results.
