Title : Overcoming astrocyte-regulated blood-brain barrier: Recent advances in novel drug delivery systems for CNS disorders
Abstract:
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective and protective interface that regulates the transport of substances between the bloodstream and the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes, a major component of the neurovascular unit, play a critical role in maintaining BBB integrity by regulating tight junctions and controlling permeability. While this mechanism is essential for protecting the brain, it significantly limits the entry of therapeutic agents, thereby posing a major challenge in the treatment of CNS disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and brain tumors.
Astrocyte-mediated regulation of the BBB restricts drug penetration, particularly for hydrophilic and large molecular weight compounds. Additionally, efflux transporters further reduce drug accumulation within the brain. These barriers highlight the need for advanced drug delivery strategies capable of enhancing drug bioavailability in the CNS.
Recent advances in novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have demonstrated significant potential in overcoming these limitations. Nanoparticles, liposomes, and receptor-mediated delivery systems have been widely investigated to facilitate targeted drug transport across the BBB. These systems improve drug stability, enhance permeability, and enable site-specific delivery.
The present review focuses on the role of astrocytes in BBB regulation and the associated challenges in CNS drug delivery. It further highlights recent advancements in NDDS that provide promising approaches to overcome these barriers and improve therapeutic outcomes in CNS disorders.
