Title : Nanosponge-Infused Hydrogel: A Cutting-Edge Antibiotic Delivery System for Necrotizing Fasciitis Treatment
Abstract:
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare yet aggressive bacterial infection that rapidly destroys soft tissues, including the fascia. Clindamycin, a potent antibiotic inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, is the primary treatment choice. However, its limited permeability and low topical bioavailability (4-5%) necessitate an advanced drug delivery system. In this study, nanosponges were engineered using emulsion solvent diffusion to enhance Clindamycin’s therapeutic efficacy. Ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as the retardant and surfactant, respectively, with dichloromethane (DCM) as the internal phase. Formulations (F1-F15) were optimized based on physical properties, production yield, and particle size, leading to a 32-factorial design for further refinement (F16-F28). Among them, F22 (Clindamycin:EC ratio of 1:0.05, 2.5% PVA) demonstrated optimal drug loading and entrapment efficiency. The optimized nanosponges were incorporated into Carbopol 934-based hydrogel, forming gel formulations (G1-G3). Extensive characterization using FT-IR, DSC, and SEM confirmed nanosponge stability and efficient drug encapsulation. In-vitro permeation studies revealed sustained Clindamycin release over 24 hours, influenced by polymer concentration. Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus showed significant antibacterial activity, assessed via zone of inhibition. Stability studies confirmed formulation integrity over two months. This research establishes Clindamycin-loaded nanosponges in hydrogel as a superior alternative to conventional therapies, ensuring enhanced permeability, prolonged drug release, and targeted action. The novel formulation presents a transformative approach in treating NF, improving drug retention at the infection site while minimizing systemic side effects.
